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@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
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---
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||||
language: en
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- exbert
|
||||
license: apache-2.0
|
||||
datasets:
|
||||
- bookcorpus
|
||||
- wikipedia
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||||
---
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||||
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||||
# DistilBERT base model (uncased)
|
||||
|
||||
This model is a distilled version of the [BERT base model](https://huggingface.co/bert-base-uncased). It was
|
||||
introduced in [this paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.01108). The code for the distillation process can be found
|
||||
[here](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/main/examples/research_projects/distillation). This model is uncased: it does
|
||||
not make a difference between english and English.
|
||||
|
||||
## Model description
|
||||
|
||||
DistilBERT is a transformers model, smaller and faster than BERT, which was pretrained on the same corpus in a
|
||||
self-supervised fashion, using the BERT base model as a teacher. This means it was pretrained on the raw texts only,
|
||||
with no humans labelling them in any way (which is why it can use lots of publicly available data) with an automatic
|
||||
process to generate inputs and labels from those texts using the BERT base model. More precisely, it was pretrained
|
||||
with three objectives:
|
||||
|
||||
- Distillation loss: the model was trained to return the same probabilities as the BERT base model.
|
||||
- Masked language modeling (MLM): this is part of the original training loss of the BERT base model. When taking a
|
||||
sentence, the model randomly masks 15% of the words in the input then run the entire masked sentence through the
|
||||
model and has to predict the masked words. This is different from traditional recurrent neural networks (RNNs) that
|
||||
usually see the words one after the other, or from autoregressive models like GPT which internally mask the future
|
||||
tokens. It allows the model to learn a bidirectional representation of the sentence.
|
||||
- Cosine embedding loss: the model was also trained to generate hidden states as close as possible as the BERT base
|
||||
model.
|
||||
|
||||
This way, the model learns the same inner representation of the English language than its teacher model, while being
|
||||
faster for inference or downstream tasks.
|
||||
|
||||
## Intended uses & limitations
|
||||
|
||||
You can use the raw model for either masked language modeling or next sentence prediction, but it's mostly intended to
|
||||
be fine-tuned on a downstream task. See the [model hub](https://huggingface.co/models?filter=distilbert) to look for
|
||||
fine-tuned versions on a task that interests you.
|
||||
|
||||
Note that this model is primarily aimed at being fine-tuned on tasks that use the whole sentence (potentially masked)
|
||||
to make decisions, such as sequence classification, token classification or question answering. For tasks such as text
|
||||
generation you should look at model like GPT2.
|
||||
|
||||
### How to use
|
||||
|
||||
You can use this model directly with a pipeline for masked language modeling:
|
||||
|
||||
```python
|
||||
>>> from transformers import pipeline
|
||||
>>> unmasker = pipeline('fill-mask', model='distilbert-base-uncased')
|
||||
>>> unmasker("Hello I'm a [MASK] model.")
|
||||
|
||||
[{'sequence': "[CLS] hello i'm a role model. [SEP]",
|
||||
'score': 0.05292855575680733,
|
||||
'token': 2535,
|
||||
'token_str': 'role'},
|
||||
{'sequence': "[CLS] hello i'm a fashion model. [SEP]",
|
||||
'score': 0.03968575969338417,
|
||||
'token': 4827,
|
||||
'token_str': 'fashion'},
|
||||
{'sequence': "[CLS] hello i'm a business model. [SEP]",
|
||||
'score': 0.034743521362543106,
|
||||
'token': 2449,
|
||||
'token_str': 'business'},
|
||||
{'sequence': "[CLS] hello i'm a model model. [SEP]",
|
||||
'score': 0.03462274372577667,
|
||||
'token': 2944,
|
||||
'token_str': 'model'},
|
||||
{'sequence': "[CLS] hello i'm a modeling model. [SEP]",
|
||||
'score': 0.018145186826586723,
|
||||
'token': 11643,
|
||||
'token_str': 'modeling'}]
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Here is how to use this model to get the features of a given text in PyTorch:
|
||||
|
||||
```python
|
||||
from transformers import DistilBertTokenizer, DistilBertModel
|
||||
tokenizer = DistilBertTokenizer.from_pretrained('distilbert-base-uncased')
|
||||
model = DistilBertModel.from_pretrained("distilbert-base-uncased")
|
||||
text = "Replace me by any text you'd like."
|
||||
encoded_input = tokenizer(text, return_tensors='pt')
|
||||
output = model(**encoded_input)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
and in TensorFlow:
|
||||
|
||||
```python
|
||||
from transformers import DistilBertTokenizer, TFDistilBertModel
|
||||
tokenizer = DistilBertTokenizer.from_pretrained('distilbert-base-uncased')
|
||||
model = TFDistilBertModel.from_pretrained("distilbert-base-uncased")
|
||||
text = "Replace me by any text you'd like."
|
||||
encoded_input = tokenizer(text, return_tensors='tf')
|
||||
output = model(encoded_input)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Limitations and bias
|
||||
|
||||
Even if the training data used for this model could be characterized as fairly neutral, this model can have biased
|
||||
predictions. It also inherits some of
|
||||
[the bias of its teacher model](https://huggingface.co/bert-base-uncased#limitations-and-bias).
|
||||
|
||||
```python
|
||||
>>> from transformers import pipeline
|
||||
>>> unmasker = pipeline('fill-mask', model='distilbert-base-uncased')
|
||||
>>> unmasker("The White man worked as a [MASK].")
|
||||
|
||||
[{'sequence': '[CLS] the white man worked as a blacksmith. [SEP]',
|
||||
'score': 0.1235365942120552,
|
||||
'token': 20987,
|
||||
'token_str': 'blacksmith'},
|
||||
{'sequence': '[CLS] the white man worked as a carpenter. [SEP]',
|
||||
'score': 0.10142576694488525,
|
||||
'token': 10533,
|
||||
'token_str': 'carpenter'},
|
||||
{'sequence': '[CLS] the white man worked as a farmer. [SEP]',
|
||||
'score': 0.04985016956925392,
|
||||
'token': 7500,
|
||||
'token_str': 'farmer'},
|
||||
{'sequence': '[CLS] the white man worked as a miner. [SEP]',
|
||||
'score': 0.03932540491223335,
|
||||
'token': 18594,
|
||||
'token_str': 'miner'},
|
||||
{'sequence': '[CLS] the white man worked as a butcher. [SEP]',
|
||||
'score': 0.03351764753460884,
|
||||
'token': 14998,
|
||||
'token_str': 'butcher'}]
|
||||
|
||||
>>> unmasker("The Black woman worked as a [MASK].")
|
||||
|
||||
[{'sequence': '[CLS] the black woman worked as a waitress. [SEP]',
|
||||
'score': 0.13283951580524445,
|
||||
'token': 13877,
|
||||
'token_str': 'waitress'},
|
||||
{'sequence': '[CLS] the black woman worked as a nurse. [SEP]',
|
||||
'score': 0.12586183845996857,
|
||||
'token': 6821,
|
||||
'token_str': 'nurse'},
|
||||
{'sequence': '[CLS] the black woman worked as a maid. [SEP]',
|
||||
'score': 0.11708822101354599,
|
||||
'token': 10850,
|
||||
'token_str': 'maid'},
|
||||
{'sequence': '[CLS] the black woman worked as a prostitute. [SEP]',
|
||||
'score': 0.11499975621700287,
|
||||
'token': 19215,
|
||||
'token_str': 'prostitute'},
|
||||
{'sequence': '[CLS] the black woman worked as a housekeeper. [SEP]',
|
||||
'score': 0.04722772538661957,
|
||||
'token': 22583,
|
||||
'token_str': 'housekeeper'}]
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
This bias will also affect all fine-tuned versions of this model.
|
||||
|
||||
## Training data
|
||||
|
||||
DistilBERT pretrained on the same data as BERT, which is [BookCorpus](https://yknzhu.wixsite.com/mbweb), a dataset
|
||||
consisting of 11,038 unpublished books and [English Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Wikipedia)
|
||||
(excluding lists, tables and headers).
|
||||
|
||||
## Training procedure
|
||||
|
||||
### Preprocessing
|
||||
|
||||
The texts are lowercased and tokenized using WordPiece and a vocabulary size of 30,000. The inputs of the model are
|
||||
then of the form:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
[CLS] Sentence A [SEP] Sentence B [SEP]
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
With probability 0.5, sentence A and sentence B correspond to two consecutive sentences in the original corpus and in
|
||||
the other cases, it's another random sentence in the corpus. Note that what is considered a sentence here is a
|
||||
consecutive span of text usually longer than a single sentence. The only constrain is that the result with the two
|
||||
"sentences" has a combined length of less than 512 tokens.
|
||||
|
||||
The details of the masking procedure for each sentence are the following:
|
||||
- 15% of the tokens are masked.
|
||||
- In 80% of the cases, the masked tokens are replaced by `[MASK]`.
|
||||
- In 10% of the cases, the masked tokens are replaced by a random token (different) from the one they replace.
|
||||
- In the 10% remaining cases, the masked tokens are left as is.
|
||||
|
||||
### Pretraining
|
||||
|
||||
The model was trained on 8 16 GB V100 for 90 hours. See the
|
||||
[training code](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/master/examples/distillation) for all hyperparameters
|
||||
details.
|
||||
|
||||
## Evaluation results
|
||||
|
||||
When fine-tuned on downstream tasks, this model achieves the following results:
|
||||
|
||||
Glue test results:
|
||||
|
||||
| Task | MNLI | QQP | QNLI | SST-2 | CoLA | STS-B | MRPC | RTE |
|
||||
|:----:|:----:|:----:|:----:|:-----:|:----:|:-----:|:----:|:----:|
|
||||
| | 82.2 | 88.5 | 89.2 | 91.3 | 51.3 | 85.8 | 87.5 | 59.9 |
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### BibTeX entry and citation info
|
||||
|
||||
```bibtex
|
||||
@article{Sanh2019DistilBERTAD,
|
||||
title={DistilBERT, a distilled version of BERT: smaller, faster, cheaper and lighter},
|
||||
author={Victor Sanh and Lysandre Debut and Julien Chaumond and Thomas Wolf},
|
||||
journal={ArXiv},
|
||||
year={2019},
|
||||
volume={abs/1910.01108}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
<a href="https://huggingface.co/exbert/?model=distilbert-base-uncased">
|
||||
<img width="300px" src="https://cdn-media.huggingface.co/exbert/button.png">
|
||||
</a>
|
|
@ -17,5 +17,6 @@
|
|||
"seq_classif_dropout": 0.2,
|
||||
"sinusoidal_pos_embds": false,
|
||||
"tie_weights_": true,
|
||||
"transformers_version": "4.10.0.dev0",
|
||||
"vocab_size": 30522
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
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|
@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
|
|||
{
|
||||
"caveats_and_recommendations": {},
|
||||
"ethical_considerations": {},
|
||||
"evaluation_data": {},
|
||||
"factors": {},
|
||||
"intended_use": {},
|
||||
"metrics": {},
|
||||
"model_details": {},
|
||||
"quantitative_analyses": {},
|
||||
"training_data": {}
|
||||
}
|
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|
@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
|
|||
{
|
||||
"do_lower_case": true
|
||||
}
|
Loading…
Reference in New Issue